On a winter morning in Dubai, a glass of water can feel like a small miracle. Not because it is rare at the tap—Dubai’s taps run with confidence—but because the city’s certainty is engineered. It is built from coast-hugging pipelines, membranes finer than paper, power agreements measured in decades, and a public philosophy that treats water like a strategic asset. In recent years, that philosophy has become more explicit: build water like you build resilience—produce it reliably, store it prudently, and protect it as if it were national security.
Then the story jumps, like a film cut, to coastal India—Chennai in late summer is the most honest stage. The ocean is right there, the air is heavy, and yet water can become the day’s central anxiety. Reservoirs dip, groundwater falls, and a city’s relationship with water turns intimate and immediate: tanker queues, rising prices, neighbourhood WhatsApp alerts, and the uneasy knowledge that rain is both a blessing and a gamble. The truth is that India’s water story is not a desert story; it is a monsoon story—uneven, seasonal, and increasingly unpredictable.
Between these two geographies sits one technology with two reputations. One is old: energy-hungry, carbon-heavy, and rough on marine life. The other is new: cleaner, smarter, and increasingly tied to renewables, data, and circular economy thinking. That new identity is what the world now calls green desalination.
Desalination, in plain terms, with real-world stakes
Desalination is the process of removing dissolved salts and impurities from seawater or brackish water to produce freshwater for cities and industries. The two main families are thermal desalination, which uses heat to evaporate water and condense it back, and membrane desalination, especially seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), which pushes seawater through membranes that block salts.
The Gulf pioneered large thermal systems because heat and fossil energy were abundant. But the modern shift—especially visible in Dubai—is toward SWRO, because it generally uses less energy per unit of water and integrates more naturally with renewable electricity and next-generation efficiency tools. DEWA’s public messaging repeatedly anchors this shift as a sustainability move.
What makes desalination “green” is not the machine—it is the choices around it
Green desalination is not a single invention. It is a discipline: how you power the plant, how you pull water from the sea, how you return what you do not use, how you monitor the coast, and how honestly you disclose the data. It aims to reduce lifecycle carbon emissions and marine harm while keeping water reliable and affordable.
You can see this shift in the UAE’s flagship direction. The Hassyan seawater desalination project in Dubai is being positioned as a major reverse-osmosis build-out linked to clean-energy intent, backed by long-term procurement structures. UAE state media reported that the first phase has reached around 90% completion and that all phases are scheduled for completion in the first quarter of 2027, with total investments reported in the billions of dirhams.
But “green” becomes real only when each promise is backed by design and governance that stands up in public. That is where cases matter.
The first green feature is low-carbon power. In Dubai, DEWA has stated that by 2030 it aims to produce 100% of desalinated water through a mix of clean energy and waste heat. This is not just an aspiration line; it is a direction that forces procurement, grid planning, and technology choices to converge. It also matters because it sets a benchmark other cities will be asked to match.
Outside the Gulf, the most inspiring examples come from places that had to innovate because they could not afford waste. Perth, in Western Australia, built its desalination story around the principle that water security should not expand carbon insecurity; official environmental documentation for Perth’s desalination development describes the intent to source renewable electricity for plant needs. In Spain’s Canary Islands, where desalination is often essential, UN-linked documentation and research have explored how reverse osmosis can be paired with renewable energy and storage in island contexts. Even more powerfully, El Hierro—one of the Canary Islands—has demonstrated how renewables can underpin essential services, including desalination, by using wind and pumped hydro storage as a system. These are not copy-paste models for India or the UAE, but they show what is possible when energy and water are planned as one ecosystem.
The second green feature is energy efficiency, because every kilowatt-hour you save is carbon you do not emit and cost you do not pass to citizens. Israel is the global case study for relentless efficiency and smart contracting. In 2020, Israel’s government announced that the Sorek 2 tender achieved what it described as the world’s lowest price for desalinated water, reflecting a combination of technology maturity and procurement design. The World Bank has similarly documented how policy choices and contracting conditions shaped record-low bid prices in places like Israel’s Sorek. The lesson for governments is straightforward: efficiency is not only an engineering upgrade; it is also a policy and procurement outcome.
The third green feature is safer seawater intake—because how you take water from the sea determines how much life you unintentionally take with it. Modern guidance in jurisdictions like California has emphasized intake approaches that reduce marine impacts, including subsurface intakes where feasible, and regulatory frameworks have increasingly pushed in that direction. The best plants no longer treat “intake” as plumbing; they treat it as marine stewardship.
The fourth green feature is responsible brine management, and this is where the world still struggles. Brine is not a side note; it is the shadow every desalination plant casts. Research reviews consistently underline the environmental risks: brine discharge, chemical use, energy consumption, and intake impacts are the core environmental issues that must be managed. Studies along coasts where desalination is mature, including Israel’s Mediterranean shoreline, have examined ecological indicators and the need for monitoring, because brine can elevate salinity and stress sensitive marine communities if dispersal is inadequate. The mature approach is not denial; it is design plus measurement. Diffusers, offshore discharge design, and continuous monitoring are the engineering side; transparent data and enforceable standards are the governance side.
The fifth green feature is the circular water strategy around the plant, because desalination must be a backbone, not a crutch. The UAE’s national framing is unusually explicit here. The UAE Water Security Strategy 2036, as summarized on official channels, includes targets such as reducing total demand and pushing treated wastewater reuse toward very high levels. In plain language: the UAE is trying to ensure that desalination is one pillar among several, not the only pillar holding up the roof.
Singapore’s playbook is also instructive. PUB describes desalinated water as one part of a broader “water loop,” and Singapore’s Keppel Marina East Desalination Plant is celebrated not only for producing water but for being designed with community and land constraints in mind—treatment underground, a green roof, and dual-mode capability to treat either seawater or reservoir water depending on conditions. That is green desalination as urban design, not just infrastructure.
Why the UAE needed a new desalination story, and why it is now accelerating
The UAE is arid; desalination is not a supplement, it is a foundation. Yet the old model carried two heavy costs: carbon and coastal ecology. That is why “more desalination” is no longer the headline. The headline is “better desalination.”
Hassyan is central to that narrative. It is not simply a plant; it is a symbol of a transition—from thermal dependence toward RO expansion, from conventional power to cleaner energy intent, and from utility planning to independent water producer models that can accelerate delivery. UAE state media has reported the project’s investment scale, completion progress, and target schedule.
But production alone is not resilience. The UAE’s most visionary move is what sits inland: storage. Abu Dhabi’s Liwa strategic water reserve uses aquifer storage and recovery, injecting desalinated water into an aquifer and recovering it when needed. A well-documented project profile describes storage of about 26 million cubic meters—enough to supply Abu Dhabi Emirate with emergency water for about 90 days. This is a mindset shift: water is not only made; it is banked.
There is also a global timing factor pushing seriousness. The 2026 United Nations Water Conference will be held in the UAE from 2–4 December 2026, co-hosted with Senegal. When a country hosts the world’s water conversation, it tends to accelerate its own domestic performance—because the world will ask for evidence, not slogans.
Why India needs desalination, and why India’s lesson is “distribution before celebration”
India is not short of rain in aggregate. India is short of predictability, distribution capacity, and clean reliable delivery. The NITI Aayog Composite Water Management Index warned that India is facing severe water stress, and the “urban groundwater risk” narrative—amplified even in official parliamentary and government communications—has shaped public consciousness.
India’s desalination relevance is clearest in coastal megacities, industrial clusters, and islands. Chennai’s experience contains both hope and warning. The 150 MLD Nemmeli desalination plant was inaugurated in February 2024 as a major augmentation effort. Yet news reporting has highlighted an uncomfortable reality: even after the plant became operational, some localities—particularly along OMR—continued to face acute shortages, relying on tankers and questioning why desalinated water was not reaching them consistently. This is the distribution lesson in its rawest form: desalination capacity does not automatically translate into equitable access.
Chennai’s second lesson is operational resilience. The Minjur desalination plant—an older, critical asset—has faced prolonged non-operation and restart delays, with residents in North Chennai reporting heavy dependence on tankers and inconsistent quality supplies. This is not a “desalination failure” so much as a governance warning: if maintenance, contracting, and lifecycle upgrades are not treated as mission-critical, the most expensive assets become unreliable at exactly the worst moment.
Chennai’s emerging response is also telling. Reporting has discussed efforts like a large ring main project intended to interconnect reservoirs and desal plants to reduce distribution inequity and improve redundancy. That is a mature idea: build a water grid, not isolated sources.
India’s third lesson is that desalination is not only municipal. Industry has already been moving. A clean example is Gujarat: VA Tech Wabag received orders related to seawater reverse osmosis desalination at Reliance’s Jamnagar complex, reflecting industrial willingness to finance desalination for process water so that cities and agriculture face less competition for freshwater sources. When industry desalinates for itself, the policy question becomes: can regulation and incentives ensure it is done in a green, transparent way rather than as a hidden coastal footprint?
India’s fourth lesson is island innovation. Parliamentary materials and India’s marine-science ecosystem have referenced desalination for Lakshadweep, including reverse-osmosis based supply in Kavaratti and the urgency created when such facilities go offline. Islands teach the world something important: decentralized desalination is not a luxury; it is often the only realistic safety net.
The legal spine matters, because “green” is enforceable only if it is regulated
India’s desalination projects intersect immediately with coastal regulation and environmental clearance processes. The CRZ Notification 2019 establishes the requirement for CRZ clearance for regulated activities in coastal zones and embeds the role of Coastal Zone Management Authorities. Large infrastructure may also need appraisal under India’s EIA framework under the EIA Notification 2006, which structures how prior environmental clearance is sought and assessed.
What this means in practice is that India can, if it chooses, build a truly green desalination regime through enforceable conditions: intake standards, brine discharge design requirements, mandatory marine monitoring, public disclosure of salinity and chemical indicators, and grievance mechanisms for coastal communities.
The UAE’s regulatory texture is different. It is strategy-driven, utility-led, and executed through powerful institutions. The official framing of the UAE Water Security Strategy 2036 includes targets for demand reduction and wastewater reuse. Dubai’s utility has publicly stated a 2030 clean-energy direction for desalinated water production. This model is strong at speed and scale; its green credibility will increasingly depend on how deeply marine protections and transparency are institutionalized as the build-out accelerates.
Ecology and people do not live in separate departments
The sea pays attention to desalination in three predictable places: intake, outfall, and coastal construction. Research syntheses emphasize that brine discharge and chemical use, along with intake impacts, are among the most significant environmental concerns.
In India, the people impact often arrives through livelihood anxiety. When fisherfolk hear “new intake” or “new outfall,” they do not think in cubic meters; they think in nets, catch, nearshore behaviour, and safety. If governments treat this as a communications problem, the project will suffer. If governments treat it as participatory coastal governance—baseline studies, transparent monitoring, community observation roles—the social licence becomes possible.
Cities also pay attention, but in a different language: tariffs, equity, and reliability. Chennai’s OMR story is a reminder that producing water is not enough if the network is incomplete or inequitable. A desalination plant that serves only the well-connected becomes politically fragile. A desalination plant embedded in a distribution upgrade, leakage control, and transparent service metrics becomes a public confidence engine.
What governments in the UAE and India should do next, policy-wise and measure-wise
The UAE’s next decade should be about proving that scale can be green without being opaque.
The first policy move should be to institutionalize marine environmental performance as publicly measurable, not merely internally monitored. Every major desalination asset should publish regular marine indicators around the intake and outfall—salinity gradients, temperature, residual chemicals, and biodiversity proxy measures—paired with independent audits. The technology to do this is no longer exotic; what is needed is the mandate and the culture of disclosure.
The second policy move should be to treat brine as a regulated industrial stream with innovation incentives. The UAE should create a national “brine innovation corridor,” offering concessional finance and test permissions for brine concentration, mineral recovery experiments, and low-impact discharge designs, while keeping strict ecological thresholds. Research shows brine is a major environmental challenge; policy should treat its management as a national innovation priority, not a compliance afterthought.
The third policy move should be demand-side governance that actually lands in households and landscaping. Targets exist at the strategy level; the next step is a behavioural and pricing architecture that rewards efficiency without punishing vulnerable groups. The UAE’s Water Security Strategy framing on demand and reuse can become meaningful only when utilities translate it into enforceable building codes, smart metering, leak-response SLAs, and public campaigns that feel practical rather than moralistic.
The fourth policy move should be to expand the Liwa idea as a regional resilience template. Aquifer storage and recovery is not only an engineering win; it is a geopolitical insurance product. The UAE has already shown what such strategic storage can look like at scale. The next step is to integrate strategic storage into broader emergency planning and regional support frameworks, especially as climate extremes become more frequent.
India’s next decade should be about disciplined selectivity and turning desalination into a “green-plus-equity” instrument rather than a prestige project.
The first policy move for India’s central government should be to publish a national green desalination framework that states can adopt. This must include minimum standards for intake impact reduction, brine discharge design, mandatory marine monitoring, and transparent public reporting. India already has the regulatory skeleton through CRZ and EIA processes; what is missing is a uniform “green desalination playbook” that reduces project-by-project ambiguity and improves compliance quality.
The second policy move should be to link desalination approvals to distribution and equity plans. Chennai’s recent experience shows how politically fragile desalination becomes when distribution gaps persist. Every new plant clearance should require a time-bound network readiness plan: pipelines, storage balancing, pressure management, and last-mile household connections, with measurable milestones. If the network is not ready, the plant becomes a stranded promise.
The third policy move should be to create a lifecycle performance regime for existing desalination assets. India’s Minjur experience shows the cost of aging infrastructure, contracting disputes, and delayed renewal. Governments should mandate periodic technical audits, membrane replacement planning, energy performance benchmarks, and resilience budgeting. A plant’s “capex ribbon cutting” should be a small moment; its twenty-year reliability should be the real KPI.
The fourth policy move should be to explicitly encourage industry-led desalination for process water, but only under green rules and public disclosure. Gujarat’s industrial desalination orders show industry appetite. India can channel this appetite into a public good by requiring renewable power linkage where feasible, robust brine management, and community consultation where coastal impacts are non-trivial.
The fifth policy move should be to treat islands as innovation pilots. Lakshadweep’s desalination dependence illustrates both the value and fragility of such systems. India should build a national island desalination mission that bundles renewable microgrids, storage, smart maintenance contracts, and remote monitoring—because islands are where “green desalination” can be proven in its most honest form.
Finally, India’s energy transition is a hidden enabler. India’s updated NDC targets about 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil sources by 2030, and official communications have highlighted progress toward that direction. The cleaner the grid becomes, the greener desalination can become—provided plants are designed to take advantage of that shift rather than lock in inefficient consumption.
What corporates should invest in—and why this is a once-in-a-generation market
If governments set the rules, corporate capital will decide how fast innovation becomes normal. The corporate opportunity here is not merely building plants; it is building the green desalination stack.
Membrane technology is the first bet. Better membranes reduce energy demand, improve salt rejection, and extend operational life. Energy recovery devices and high-efficiency pumping are the second bet, because energy efficiency is the biggest lever on both cost and carbon.
Digital operations are the third bet. AI-driven optimization, predictive maintenance, and digital twins can reduce downtime, prevent catastrophic failures, and improve water quality stability. India’s operational issues at older assets underscore how valuable reliability engineering is.
Intake and outfall innovation is the fourth bet. Subsurface intake solutions, advanced screening, and diffuser design reduce ecological harm; these are investable, scalable engineering markets, not academic niceties.
Brine valorisation is the fifth bet, but it must be approached with realism. Research and industry commentary increasingly discuss “brine mining” and resource recovery, yet the economics are still emerging and site-specific. The opportunity is to invest in pilots that can be scaled if mineral recovery proves commercially viable without creating new pollution pathways.
Finally, renewables-plus-storage integration is the sixth bet. The most credible green desalination stories globally are the ones where energy and water are engineered together. Masdar’s renewable-energy desalination pilot programme, launched in 2013, explicitly explored energy-efficient desalination technologies powered by renewables, with commercial partners testing approaches. The corporate winners will be those who can package water production with clean power reliability.
The role of civil society and environmental activism: from protest to participatory governance
Civil society’s role is not to be “anti-desalination” or “pro-desalination.” It is to be pro-evidence and pro-ecology, while staying grounded in people’s right to water.
The most constructive activism in the next decade will do three things consistently. It will demand baseline ecological studies before construction, because you cannot prove “no harm” without knowing what existed before. It will insist on public monitoring data after commissioning, because brine and chemical impacts must be measurable and transparent. And it will create community participation pathways, particularly for fisherfolk, so coastal livelihoods are not treated as an externality.
Civil society should also push for a broader truth: desalination is not a moral substitute for conservation. The most responsible water regimes pair desalination with leak reduction, wastewater reuse, demand management, and transparent governance. The UAE’s national strategy language around demand and reuse points in that direction; activism should help ensure it is implemented with credibility.
The inspiring global examples that should shape what comes next
Israel shows how procurement design and long-term national planning can drive costs down and performance up, including record-low bid pricing claims for Sorek 2.
Singapore shows how desalination can be integrated into urban planning and public space thinking, as demonstrated by the Keppel Marina East plant’s dual-mode capability and community-integrated design.
Australia shows how desalination can be paired with renewably powered planning at a system level, including official moves toward renewably powered new capacity.
Island initiatives in Spain’s Canaries show how renewables, storage, and essential services can be engineered together, creating real-world laboratories for the water-energy future.
Futuristic trends and possibilities: what “green desalination” could become by the mid-2030s
The next wave will not look like a bigger version of today. It will look like a smarter ecosystem.
Expect desalination plants to behave like adaptive software. AI will continuously tune energy use, membrane performance, and chemical dosing based on real-time water quality and power grid signals. Digital twins will simulate failures before they happen, turning maintenance from reactive to predictive.
Expect desalination to decentralize in parallel. Mega-plants will remain essential for big cities, but islands and coastal districts will increasingly use modular, containerized, renewable-linked systems with remote monitoring. India’s island needs and the fragility of small systems make this a practical necessity, not a futuristic fantasy.
Expect “intake and outfall diplomacy” to become a field. The plants that win public trust will be those that minimize marine harm by design, use advanced intakes where feasible, and publish monitoring data that coastal communities can understand and verify.
Expect brine to become an innovation battleground. Some sites will prove mineral recovery viable; others will not. The most valuable breakthroughs may be in brine concentration, selective extraction, and safer dispersion, rather than a single magical “brine-to-profit” story.
Expect desalination to merge with advanced reuse. The most water-secure countries will not rely on desalination alone; they will create a circular system where wastewater reuse expands dramatically, desalination fills seasonal gaps, and strategic storage protects against shocks. The UAE’s 2036 strategy framing and the global spotlight of the UN Water Conference in 2026 make this convergence especially relevant now.
Finally, expect a cultural shift in how nations measure success. In the old era, success was “how much water we produce.” In the new era, success will be “how cleanly we produce it, how fairly we distribute it, how transparently we prove ecological safety, and how intelligently we reduce demand.”
That is the invitation to both the UAE and India. The UAE can prove to the world that scale can be green, fast, and transparent. India can prove that desalination can be selective, equitable, and locally trusted—an insurance policy that strengthens monsoon resilience rather than replacing it. If both succeed, green desalination will stop being a technology story. It will become a governance story—and, quietly, a hope story.
Headin: UAE’s green desalination: a produce, store and protect model
UAE’s solar powered desalination programme is scripting a green future
In the heart of the Rub' al Khali desert, the midday sun usually turns the horizon into a shimmering mirage. Alongside this reality, now there is a new kind of oasis that is gradually rising: potable water extraction that doesn’t rely on ancient aquifers or sparse rainfall, but on the unrelenting power of the sun and the vastness of the Arabian Gulf. Call it Solar desalination.
Till last year, desalination meant exploitation of fossil fuels for large amounts of electricity causing a harm to the creatures in the sea.
However, as the United Arab Emirates enters 2026, it now stands at a historic crossroads in its perennial battle against water scarcity. The nation, which receives less than 100mm of rain annually, has transformed from a region of wandering well-diggers into a global laboratory that is relentlessly researching the exploration of the highly scarce freshwater in an ecologically compatible fashion.
The new-age era of Green Desalination
The centerpiece of this transformation is the Hassyan seawater desalination plant located in Dubai. As of early January 2026, the first phase of this massive facility has reached 90% completion. Once fully operational in early 2027, it will be the world’s largest solar-powered desalination plant. What’s more, it will be capable of providing 818,000 cubic meters of drinking water daily—enough to sustain two million people of the geography..
For decades, the UAE relied on thermal desalination. It’s a process in which "boiled" seawater uses waste heat from power plants. It was highly energy-intensive and carbon-heavy. Albeit effective,the shift toward Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO)—driven by solar energy—marks a major transition. At Hassyan, the cost of water has plummeted to a world-record low of $0.36 per cubic meter, proving that sustainability can also be economically viable without harming the environment..
An underground fortress
However, producing water is only half the battle; the other half is keeping it. In the Al Dhafra region of Liwa, the UAE has completed the world’s largest strategic reserve of desalinated water. This "strategic underground fortress" stores over 20 billion liters (5.6 billion gallons) in natural aquifers, enough to supply Abu Dhabi with 180 liters per person, that too for up to 90 days in an extreme emergency.
"The era of 'produce and consume in real-time' is over," notes a recent energy report. "We have moved to a 'produce, store, and protect' model, treating water with the same strategic weight as oil."
The Thirst of Progress
The UAE's water narrative is one of explosive growth. From a few hundred thousand people to nearly 10 million, with projections hitting 16.5 million by 2050, the demand for water has skyrocketed, fuelled by construction, agriculture, and a lifestyle that often exceeds global consumption averages.
"We're like a thirsty traveler in a vast desert, finding an oasis, but knowing the oasis can only stretch so far," explains Dr. Fatima Al Marzooqi, a water resources specialist. "Our non-renewable groundwater is depleting rapidly, some aquifers dropping over a meter annually, leading to saltwater intrusion. We're literally draining our past to water our present". This is unsustainable in the long run both from an economic as well as ecological perspectives.
The Sea's Gift, The Brine's Burden
Desalination plants dot the coastlines, vast humming factories that turn the Arabian Gulf into fresh water. Technologies like reverse osmosis, forcing seawater through membranes, provide the bulk of the UAE's supply, alongside water recycling and reuse.
"It's a double-edged sword," admits Engineer Khalid Al Mansouri, overseeing a major plant. "We get the water we need, but the process is energy-intensive, often relying on fossil fuels. And then there's the brine – the super-salty, toxic byproduct. We're producing massive quantities, and its disposal is costly and harms marine ecosystems".
Innovation Oasis
But the UAE isn't just consuming; it's also innovating. The narrative is shifting towards sustainability, primarily catalysed by national strategies and visionaries at Masdar City.
"We're moving beyond just making water," says a Masdar representative. "We're powering desalination with solar, aiming for commercially viable, renewable-energy-driven plants. We're exploring technologies like forward osmosis, which uses half the energy of reverse osmosis, and even extracting valuable minerals from brine".
The Water Aid Foundation (Suqia) is pro-actively working to bring water access to underserved communities, while initiatives focus on smart irrigation for green spaces and water-intensive golf courses, using treated sewage water and advanced techniques that helps conserve every drop.
The Story is not over yet: A Balancing Act
The UAE's story is far from over. It's a high-stake game of survival. The nation, once solely reliant on finite groundwater, is now a global leader in desalination, but the real victory will be in mastering the environmental footprint of this essential technology.
"Our goal," concludes Dr. Al Marzooqi, "is to write a new chapter – one where our ambition doesn't outpace our planet's resources. The future of the UAE, its economy, its people, depends on turning this water crisis into a story of sustainable triumph". The challenge is immense, but the determination, forged in the desert's unforgiving heat, is even greater.
The 2036 Roadmap: Efficiency and Circularity
The UAE’s progress in water security and desalination sustainability is guided by the Water Security Strategy 2036, which aims to:
UAE on global stage in 2026
The world is taking pro-active note of this transition. In December 2026, the UAE will co-host the United Nations Water Conference in Abu Dhabi, the first time the global community has gathered to center water security as the primary driver of the climate agenda.
To support this global leadership, the Abu Dhabi Global Water Platform was launched this month with a $1 billion commitment from the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development (ADFD) to finance water projects in developing nations between 2026 and 2030.
Transforming Waste into Wealth
Sustainability efforts have also moved into "circular" brine management. Traditionally, the salty byproduct of desalination was pumped back into the sea, risking all the marine ecosystems. Today, the UAE is pioneering brine mining. This readily involves extracting high-value minerals like magnesium, lithium, and bromine from the waste. What was once an environmental liability is being reinvented as a raw material for the technology and energy sectors.
As the calls to prayer echo across the skyline of Abu Dhabi and Dubai this January, the taps remain open, fuelled by a high-tech alchemy that turns salt into life and sunlight into water. For a nation born of the sand, the future is now decidedly blue.
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